A new methodology is presented for assessing linear energy transfer (LET) and relative biological effectiveness (RBE) in proton therapy beams using thermoluminescent detectors. The assessed LET and RBE values were compared with respectively the results of Monte Carlo computer simulations and of an in vitro cell survival study, showing good agreement.
Gel dosimetry has attracted attention as a useful tool for dose verification in advanced radiotherapy because gel dosimeters can be used as phantoms in the same way as the phantoms used in an actual radiotherapy treatment chain. This study evaluates the effects of scavengers of water decomposition radicals on fluorescent degradation yield of a nanoclay-based radio-degradation fluorescence gel using 7-diethylamino-4-methylcoumarin (7D4MC). Results of this study revealed that OH radicals are the most important factor in a reaction employing 7D4MC. Oxygen is the second most important factor, whereas hydrated electrons do not significantly affect the reaction.
Linear energy transfer (LET) measurement system with thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) has been developed in our previous study. The aim of this research is to apply the LET measurement system to patient-specific treatment fields of pediatric cancers and glioblastoma multiforme in proton therapy with TLD.
SPICE microbeam profile was measured using FNTDs. Localized dose distribution by the SPICE microbeam irradiation was calculated using the measured beam profile. Correlation between the localized dose distribution and DNA double strand break region was investigated using human lung normal WI-38 cells.
A genipin gel dosimeter was shown to have potential as a clinical radiotherapy dosimeter for relatively high doses and small gel volumes.
We propose a novel rectum dosimeter made from a piece of OSL sheet and a catheter to measure absorbed doses of rectum during high-dose-rate 192Ir brachytherapy for cervical cancer. The dosimeter can be analyzed in a similar way as a commercial type dosimeter by inserting the disk punched out from the sheet into commercial type dosimeter cases. We will demonstrate availability of our dosimeter in an actual clinical situation.
This study assessed the health risks for the patients after cervical cancer radiotherapy. After performing the treatments of IMRT and brachytherapy for the patients with different cervical cancer sizes, the effective doses were assessed and reported in the results. The total induced secondary cancers risks (for tissues outside the treatment fields) induced by the treatments of cervical cancer were assessed. According to the results, the treatment parameters such as field sizes and total monitor units were the main factors of affecting the probability of secondary cancer risk.
High radiation doses associated with PET/CT, compared with conventional exams have raised health care.Evaluation of absorbed and effective dose to children of 2 and 10 years.
The technology of thin polymer films has been developed for clinical and radiation protection dosimetry of neutron entrance doses in mixed radiation fields.
In this study, we evaluated characteristics of L-alanine response to photon and electron beams, such as linearity, repeatability, and dependence for radiation energy and dose rate.
The NMIJ is developing a postal dosimetry service using an alanine dosimeter. The NMIJ’s alanine dosimeter responses were investigated in Co-gamma ray, electron and carbon beams. The postal dosimetry service will be used for radiation therapy, radiation processing and radiation monitoring at accelerator facility.
Optical evaluation method of polymer gel dosimeter irradiated to 400 MeV/n carbon-ion beam was researched. Regarding absorbed carbon dose to optical response, increasing the absorbed dose to irradiated gels, optical signal intensities were increased. When the prepared gels were irradiated to form carbon Bragg curve, the result of the scanned original optical computed tomography system was indicated dose concentration region.
Recently, radiotherapy has been attracting a great deal of attention. In radiotherapy, dosimeters that have high tissue equivalence and are capable of accurate dose measurement are required to reduce the risks to patients. This study focused on a photochromic reaction, and investigated the applicability of the photochromic compound 2,3-dihydro-2-spiro-4ʹ-[8ʹ-aminonaphthalen-1ʹ(4ʹH)-on]perimidine (PNO-p) to dosimeters. PNO-p was found to undergo a photochromic reaction when exposed to X-ray irradiation. In addition, the X-ray sensitivity increased with increasing the concentration of PNO-p and doping with an organic phosphor.
To elucidate the radiophotoluminescenece (RPL) center formation process in Ag-doped phosphate glasses, the temperature dependence of RPL intensities was measured. The Ag0 formation starting temperatures were found to be 100 K, 100 K, and 25 K and the activation energies of Ag0 formation were 51 meV, 56 meV, and 43 meV in Ag-doped phosphate glass having Na and Al (Na–Al/Ag), Na and K (Na–K/Ag), Al and K (Al–K/Ag), respectively. Electrons are trapped at negative ion vacancies before being transferred to Ag+ such that the activation energy increases with increasing distance between electron trapping sites and Ag+.
Gold Nanoparticles have a complex effect on dose enhancement and dose sensitivity that deserves more detailed studies. Using different animoacids and gold nanoparticles concentration DEF and sensitivity was studied.
We fabricated organic films containing a diarylethene-type photochromic compound and investigated their isomerization behavior upon X-ray irradiation to develop a tissue-equivalent and non-disposable radiation imaging element. The effect of adding the organic phosphor was also studied. The results show that absorbance of 400–600 nm increased upon X-ray irradiation. Irreversible reaction was also observed, and photochromic reaction can be sensitized by the addition of 2-4(-tert-butylphenyl)-5-(4-biphenylyl)-1,3,4- oxadiazole.
The dosimeteric impact of iodine content in a polyvinyl alcohol-iodide (PVA-I) radiochromic gel dosimeter was investigated through depth dose measurements and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. Results enabled us to conclude that the dose response with iodine content can be ignored in high-energy X-rays used in the field of radiotherapy.
A ZnS scintillator with a small LET dependency and camera system is useful for quick and easy measurement of the dose distribution in scanned carbon-ion therapy with high spatial resolution.
To manage the exposure dose of patients during diagnostic X-ray examinations, it is necessary to evaluate the dose without taking into consideration complicated conditions related to X-ray photographic settings. In order to develop a practical analysis method in which energy dependence of an OSL dosimeter is considered, we performed some experiments. From the experimental results, we concluded that our calibration curve can be applied to various dosimetric points when we add a systematic uncertainty of 15%.
The temporal and the spatial stabilities of the absorbance on a novel radiochromic polyvinyl alcohol-iodide (PVA-I) gel dosimeter with different polymerization degrees of PVA were investigated. A slight dependence on the temporal change in the coloring and its distribution due to the difference in polymerization degrees of PVA was observed.
The study investigated radiation dose of staff undertaking percutaneous interventional procedures for peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD). Optically simulated luminescent dosimeters were used to measure radiation dose and radiation risk was further evaluated in percutaneous interventional procedures.
• Single fiber dosimeter• Temporal and neural network analysis for separation of Cerenkov signal• Suitable for MRI-LINAC dosimetry
RL from Al2O3:C has a lower luminescence efficiency (η) with high LET particles, regardless of the beam type/energy, while η depends on crystal size. We use these results to determine fluence-averaged LET (LETf) calibration curves in the plateau region of variuous particle beams, so that a combination of measurements from two detectors can be used to calculate unkown LETf and dose. This method can be applied for daily QC in hadron therapy.
in vivo system capable of accurately measuring the 2D real time dose rate received by the patient and account for the proper patient positioning relative to the LINAC
New OSL glass detectors (80MgB2O4–20MgB4O7) presented wide dose-response range required in clinical beams dosimetry.
The glow curve shape of TLD-300 has been quantified by PHR, the peak-height ratio between high- and low- temperature peaks, as a function of photon energy, in the range 16-1250 keV. This has extended previous calibrations done up to 55 keV with diagnostic photons. We’ve found that the PHR sensitivity to the photon energy becomes negligible at about 700 keV. TLD-300 dosimeters were exposed in-phantom to out-of-field radiation in a 6 MV linac. Preliminary results indicate mean energy equal to (394±20) keV at 1 cm from the 10×10 cm2 field edge, and a mean of (316±22) keV, independent of distance, at 3-15 cm from the edge.
Modified particle fluences behind metallic dental implants and plastic material were detected and perturbations in distribution of absorbed dose were quantified.
This work aims to characterise the scattered radiation field in an interventional radiology theatre and to generate a 3D map of energy spectra measured with a Timepix3 hybrid pixel detector. The information on the energy of the radiation field was then used to calculate operational quantities for external radiation exposure using the ICRU conversion factors. This approach brings new tools to better understand the worker’s exposition and provides crucial information to improve radiation protection gears. The approach is in line with the redefinition of the operational quantities proposed by the ICRU.
Proton radiotherapy strongly reduces the out-of-field doses in the CS treatment of paediatric patients compared to photon radiotherapy
Using the Geant4 Monte Carlo toolkit, we have developed a model of the Microbeam Radiation Therapy Beamline at the Australian Synchrotron facility. The resultant photon energy spectrum compares very well with that of a previously benchmarked toolkit, SPECT. Further simulations of dose distributions within a solid water phantom show good agreement with experimentally obtained results. The broad beam and microbeam data are within 3% and 5% respectively for all configurations and all depths studied.
Utilisation rates of TLD and MOSFET detectors for in vivo dosimetry were reviewed over a period of two years for two different radiotherapy facilities – one having an on-site TLD reader and the other a MOSFET system. Patient records were categorised according to treatment site. While MOSFETs were considered appropriate as an in vivo dosimetry system for most cases at the site with a MOSFET system, in some cases TLDs were requested from the other facility. TLDs were the preferred dosimeter for kilovoltage treatments and out-of-field dose measurements.
Dosimetric performance of the LiF:Mg,Ti employing the thermolumenecence technique for the application in dosimetry of small fields.
This work suggests that it is possible to assess the effect of low concentrations of radionuclides in inducing cellular damage using the micronucleus test in Allium cepa. Mutations are identified as small nuclei next to the main cellular nucleus making possible the use of Allium cepa as a biota for the analysis of radiation effects.
The three-dimensional absorbance distribution of the PVA-I radiochromic gel dosimeter irradiated by X-ray using an optical computed tomography apparatus was measured.
In order to evaluate the exposure dose to the eye lens during clinical X-ray diagnosis, we developed a precise calibration method of an optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimeter. Our procedure took into consideration variations in X-ray spectra and energy dependence of the dosimeter. We present the results of our method using a phantom study.
The responses of the FNTD dosimeter to the BNCT neutron beam were measured and simulated. We demonstrated that the FNTD dosimeter can be used as a personal neutron dosimeter during BNCT.
Besides limited range of penetration, electron beam has been questioned for scattered and transmission radiation out of treatment field. This contribute considerable amount of radiation dose to unintended normal tissue. In the present study, Out of filed (OOF) doses showed a trend of decrease with increase in applicators size and electron energy.
The research about right side breast cancer is studied. VMAT double arc design enhances dose homogeneity and conformality. Partial arc angle design reduces lung overlapped-irradiation area. 70% 3DCRT with 30% IMRT is optimized in dose calculation.
The direct dosimetry near the affected region is necessary for safety radiotherapy. For this purpose, we are developing a small-size dosimeter using radiation-induced phosphor and an optical fiber. In this paper, we conducted test experiments assuming that the small size dosimeter is inserted into the urethra.
Colloid-like centers in anion-deficient corundum crystals (α-Al2O3-d) are formed most efficiently under thermo-optical treatment (TOT) if the F center concentration (CF) is 1017 cm-3, temperature (TTOT) is 1200 К, photon energy (hvTOT) is 4.0-4.2 eV and supplied optical energy density (WTOT) is 50 – 150 J/сm2.
The effects of h-BN micro- and nanopowders high temperature treatment in carbon crucible (1273 – 1873 K) on luminescent properties were studied by the means of photoluminescence (PL) and spectrally resolved thermally stimulated luminescence (TSL) techniques. Energy and kinetic characteristics of TSL processes, activated in the 300 – 873 K temperature range, were studied in the frame of general order kinetics. It was shown that the increase of CN-centers concentration (carbon atom in the position of nitrogen atom) leads to the raise of 330-nm PL intensity and of high-temperature TSL response at 380-nm band.
Components of OSL signal in quartz separated by TM-OSL methodTrap parameters obtained by isothermal measurements for individual OSL components Correlation of traps active in LM-OSL and TM-OSL processes
Hafnium oxide (HfO2) nanocrystals were successful obtained by precipitation method, with crystallite size of the 25 nm and monoclinic structure. This material showed high TL and OSL response for β and UV irradiations.
Sc3+ and La3+ doped perovskite crystals have been grown by micro-pulling-down (MPD) method. Thermoluminescent properties of YAlO3:Sc, YAlO3:La, LuAlO3:Sc, LuAlO3:La crystals with different dopant concentration were examined after alpha and beta irradiation.
Spectral measurements of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), thermoluminescence (TL) and radioluminescence (RL) were obtained for high sensitive LiMgPO4 (LMP) crystals grown by a micro-pulling-down (MPD) method. Acquired spectra of TL, OSL and RL emission from the studied LMP crystals were comparable.
This work presents the results of response of blue quartz for low dose radiation detection. These dosimeters were placed on a patient skin undergoing heart, liver and thyroid scintigraphy for 10 minutes the patient ingered a solution of Tc(99m). An unexpected result was obtained; the peak of 230 °C did not appear in the TL glow curve of the blue quartz. Since the 230°C appears prominent when irradiated with gamma radiation of Co(60) or Cs(137). Similar measurements were carried out in other silicate minerals such as aquamarine and tourmaline, these crystals did not present this unexpected behavior.
In this study, commercially-available polycarbonate was evaluated for dosimetry application in industrial electron beam irradiation. Polycarbonate exhibited discoloration when irradiated and this change was quantified through spectrophotometry. The study evaluated the dose response, reproducibility, and stability of polycarbonate in high-level doses from a mega voltage electron source.
In this study, we successfully produced a SiO2 glass at temperature lower than the softening temperature by sintering at 1300 °C using the Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) method. A very small amount of Sn2+ was added as the luminescence center into the prepared SiO2 glass and the radiation induced luminescence characteristics including the dosimetric characteristics were evaluated.
Samples of CaSO4:Mn and CaSO4:Mn,Ag(Np) were produced by means of the slow evaporation route.X-ray diffraction confirmed the anhydrite crystalline structure of the samples and scanning electron microscopy confirmed the formation of the silver nanoparticles. The incorporation of silver nanoparticles in the CaSO4:Mn matrix enchances the TL and OSL signal of the samples.
Crystals of CaSO4:Eu,Ag were produced by variations of the slow evaporation route. The TL emission spectra confirmed the presence of Eu3+ and Eu2+ in the crystal matrix.The CaSO4:Eu,Ag(a) and CaSO4:Eu,Ag(b) composites presented the most intense TL and OSL signals and showed a linear and reproducible dose response.
Investigation of sample to sample luminescence phenomena variability with different dose levels.
UV excitation spectra and kinetic parameters of thermally stimulated mechanisms have been studied in aluminum-deficient AlN submicrocrystals using spectrally resolved thermolumoinescence and varying heating rates techniques. The regularities of observed processes and origin of responsible active traps have been discussed.
Green quartz pellets were produced to measure ionizing radiation. Study of energy dependence was made.
Luminescence characterization is attempted for a batch of BeO dosimeters which yield double structured main dosimetric glow curve shape.
Assessing the potentials of potassium fluoride for dosimetry
The dependence of the isothermal TA – OSL of BeO dosimeters on the measurement temperature was studied. The TA – OSL dose response features depend strongly on the stimulation temperature.
The aim of this work is to study the possible application of calcium silicate for OSL dosimetry.
Sm-doped LiCaAlF6 compound was successfully obtained by the mechanochemical synthesis technique. The obtained material was found to show radio-photoluminescence (RPL) where strong photoluminescence (PL) appears around 700 nm (excitation at 360 nm) after irradiation with X-rays, and the intensity increases with radiation dose.
We have synthesized a series of garnet crystals doped with Nd3+, and they were studied as scintillators for dosimetric applications. The materials show strong NIR emission around 1050 nm under both UV-Vis light and X-rays. The NIR emission is useful when the scintillation signal is collected via optical fibre especially under strong radiation dose since the transmission through optical fibre is effective for the NIR light and the signal can be easily separated from Cherenkov radiation coming from interactions of ionizing radiations with the optical fibre, scintillator etc.
A new mechanism of enhancement of scintillation on scintillator–silica fine powder pellets was proposed on the basis of thermoluminescence glow curves of pellets divided into those irradiated and nonirradiated by LED light.
Eu-doped CsBr transparent ceramic samples with different concentrations of Eu (0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 5.0 mol.%) were synthesized by the spark plasma sintering (SPS) method. In the OSL properties, the OSL spectra of all the samples showed an emission band peaking at around 450 nm, which was attributed to the 5d-4f transitions of Eu2+.
∙ Tm-doped CaHfO3 crystals were synthesized by the floating zone method with xenon arc lamps. ∙ Scintillation and thermoluminescence properties of Tm-doped CaHfO3 were evaluated.∙ The Tm-doped samples show thermoluminescence glow peaks at around 75 and 240 °C.
Production and characterization of crystalline LaAlO3:Ce,Dy with dosimetric properties was tested by means of a green synthesis using Copaiba oil.The crystallite size of obtained LaAlO3:Ce,Dy was nanometric, and its luminescence properties were maintained in comparation to well-known production routes of these material.
Embedding an optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) active dosimeter material as microparticles in a transparent silicone matrix creates a 3D optically accessible dosimeter. Characterization of OSL properties provides crucial information for an efficient 3D readout procedure. The OSL properties of the promising material LiF:Mg,Cu,P are reported.
Higher proton generator concentration results to the increase of sensitivity of the radiochromic gel dosimeter based on a polyvinyl alcohol-iodide complex. The sensitivity of the gel dosimeter was nearly independent of the annealing temperature.
OSL is observed in NaMgF3 doped with Mn, Eu, or Sm and the response to radiation is linear over a wide dose range. PL and optical absorption data show that several radiation-induced defects contribute to the OSL and that these are primarily F-type centres. RPL is observed in the form of F-centre/Mn2+ complexes for Mn2+ doping, and is also observed in cases of lanthanide doping due to electron trapping by the divalent lanthanides. The OSL and RPL properties can be monitored in a complementary way to measure radiation doses.
This work presents OSL measurements using green light stimulation (532 nm) on four varieties of mineral fluorite (green, yellow, purple and yellow with purple highlights). For each sample it was analyzed the OSL intensity as a function of radiation dose and thermal treatment, fading on 24 hour period, and correlation with thermoluminescence.
Cs2BaCl4 crystal were fabricated by the Bridgeman method. Cs2BaCl4 had a short decay time of 1.2 ns, and the proportion of the first component was approximately 70%. Further, Cs2BaCl4 showed a fast component light yield of approximately 1700 photons/MeV. Although the decay time of Cs2BaCl4 was only slightly longer than that of BaF2, the proportion of the fast component was much larger than that of BaF2. The estimated fast component light yield of Cs2BaCl4 was found to be larger than that of BaF2 in a previous report.
We fabricated the LiF-Tl:CsI mixed powder neutron scintillators. We experimentally evaluated the neutron response and some properties of the fabricated scintillators. The LiF-CsI mixed powder scintillator shows higher light yield for neutron irradiation than the single crystal Eu:LiCaAlF6 scintillator.
We studied the effects of Al2O3 on the thermally stimulated luminescence (TSL) of Cu-doped Li2O-B2O3 glasses. The TSL sensitivities of 0.01Cu2O-33.33Li2O- 66.66B2O3 glass are enhanced by addition of Al2O3. In addition, the glow peak temperature shifted from 420 K to 380 K along with decrease of the glass transition temperature.
Radioluminescence of gadolinium activated CaB6O10: Gd3+exhibited a sharp UV emission (~ 313 nm), which corresponds to the transition 6PJ → 8S7/2 of Gd3+; The OSL signal showed to be strongly dependent on gadolinium concentration; The incorporation of silver on CaB6O10: Gd3+ has increased the OSL considerably.
NaCl pellets show a strong energy dependence at energies below 100 keV. Over response of a factor 15-17 compared to air kerma and personal dose equivalent at 30 keV.
The first investigation of alexandrite mineral (BeAl2O4:Cr3+) as a natural OSL dosimetric material was executed [1,2]. Moreover, alexandrite powder was used to fabricate composites, and the composite OSL dosimetric response was successfully demonstrated [3].
Sensitivity changes in halite were tested using multiple irradiation – OSL readout – bleaching procedure. The effect was reduced by pre-dose or test-dose administration. It was confirmed that both methods stabilized the sensitivity changes.
Monte Carlo simulations using the PHITS code were used to obtain the ideal geometric configuration of PVC loaded with OSL MgB4O7microparticles using B-10 and B-11 in different films. By using a water phantom covered with the OSL film, it is possible to detect the differential dose deposited into the films due to the albedo neutrons on the surface of the body.
The fading curves of infrared stimulated luminescence of co-doped calcium fluoride are described; the material appears suitable for novel applications in safeguards.
We evaluated Nd-doped MSiO3 single crystals in photoluminescence, scintillation and dosimetric properties. Among the present samples tested, Nd-doped CaSiO3 samples showed the best performance.
The photoluminescence response of stable aggregate color centers in nominally pure lithium fluoride (LiF) crystals, after irradiation with 27 and 35 MeV protons, is linear up to doses just below 100 Gy. Such linearity was confirmed along the whole Bragg curve and the dose distribution with depth was obtained.
In this study we explored the dosimetric properties of MgB4O7:Zn,Li glass and its potential use for clinical dosimetry. Sensitivity, dose linearity and energy dependence are the dosimetric properties that were explored and reported.
The characteristics of detectors made of Si ceramics are considered. and analyzed their use for solving various dosimetric tasks.
We report on the photoluminescence, thermoluminescence and persistent luminescence properties of calcium aluminate synthesized by combustion method using urea as a fuel and co-doped with Eu2+ and Dy3+. The phosphor exhibited persistent luminescence immediately after ceasing irradiation exposure with a time decay of the order of hours. The long lasting luminescence was associated to the thermal empting of the traps related to the low temperature TL peaks.
For some dosimeters it is possible to reach reproducibility with low dose irradiation, sensitization with low doses irradiation.
We investigated the thermoluminescence (TL) efficiency and the glow curve of Cr-doped alumina (Al2O3) ceramic thermoluminescent detectors (TLD).The TL efficiency showed unique trend lines separated by particle beams and the shape of the glow curve remains the same in a wide range linear energy transfer (LET) between 0.5 keV/mm and 128 keV/mm.
The effects of hydrothermal treatment and irradiation with beta particles on the luminescent properties of SrMoO4 phosphors are investigated. Results from TL, OSL and PL data show that hydrothermal treatment affects the optical properties of SrMoO4 materials.
For shielding purposes, concrete is preferred because of its good attenuation property, which can be controlled by its composition. The mechanical and shielding properties of concrete were investigated by replacing some percentage of sand up to 20%, with ICW.
Characteristics of fluorescent nuclear track detection with the silver ion-activated phosphate glass were demonstrated for the application of heavy ion measurement in space.
New anion-deficient Al2O3-BeO ceramics were synthesized in vacuum in reducing conditions.TL glow curve of Al2O3-BeO ceramics consists of three TL peaks.The drop of TL output in TL peak at 520 K is not observed in the samples under study.TL and OSL dose response is linear from 10 to 300 Gy for gamma-irradiation and is sublinear from 3 to 50 kGy for pulsed electron beam.
The luminescence intensity in the band of 678 nm increases significantly with growth of Mn ions concentration within the range of 0.1-1 wt. %. An intensity of high-temperature peak at 370 °С grows enormously within the sintering temperature range of 1200-1500 °С. Presence of carbon, temperature growth and sintering duration, together with the impurity ion concentration result in the sensitivity increase of Al2O3:Mn ceramics to the ionizing radiation.
We prepared undoepd and Tb-doped MgAl2O4 transparent ceramics by using the SPS technique, and then evaluated the optical and dosimetric properties. The dynamic ranges of the Tb-doped sample as TSL dosimeter was over the range of 0.01 to 100 mGy.
MgB4O7: Dy prepared by combustion synthesis and solid-state method. Comparison between Infra-red and blue stimulated luminescence.
Fabrication of new type of co-doping activator in phosphate glass radiophoto luminescence (RPL) dosimeter was demonstrated with complex of silver and europium. Through the response of those detector, RPL function was obtained by silver activators as a function of radiation dose, while europium activator constantly emitted the luminescence which could be utilized for in-situ measurement of radiation. Both activators are able to be exist at the same time in same glass substrate.
• LiMgPO4 crystals were grown from the melt by micro-pulling-down method• The undoped and rare-earths (REs) ions co-doped crystals were investigated• The highest luminescence enhancement was observed for Tb, Tm co-doped samples
Composite TL detectors based on the films and crystals of garnet and perovskite compounds were developed using LPE growth method. Difference between TL glow curves of film and crystal-substrate is observed under simultaneous registration of α- and β-particles.
We studied photoluminescence and scintillation properties of a Cs3PrCl6 crystal using by conventional Bridgman–Stockbarger method. The Cs3PrCl6 crystal showed an intense scintillation band with a short decay time of 16 and 110 ns in ultraviolet (UV) wavelength region owing to 5d-4f allowed transitions of Pr3+.
We reported photoluminescence and radiation-induced photoluminescence (RPL) properties of NaCl:Yb crystals grown by conventional Bridgman–Stockbarger technique. The NaCl:Yb crystals showed an emission band peaking at 435 nm owing to 5d-4f transitions of Yb2+ excited at 375 nm. The characteristic Yb2+ 5d–4f emission intensity increased after X-ray irradiation.